DARI SKRIPTORIUM KE ARSIP DIGITAL: TRANSFORMASI FILOLOGI AL-QUR’AN DI ERA TEKNOLOGI: Dari Skriptorium ke Arsip Digital: Transformasi Filologi Al-Qur’an di Era Teknologi

Lia Khoirotun Nisa; Abdul Mufid; Muhammad Syaiful

doi:10.57032/jsd.v5i2.322

Authors

Lia Khoirotun Nisa Institut Agama Islam Khozinatul Ulum Blora, Indonesia
Abdul Mufid Institut Agama Islam Khozinatul Ulum Blora, Indonesia
Muhammad Syaiful Institut Agama Islam Khozinatul Ulum Blora, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57032/jsd.v5i2.322

Keywords:

Qur’anic Philology, Digitalization, Scriptorium, Manuscript, Digital Humanities

Abstract

The digitalization of Qur’anic manuscripts has emerged as a central discourse in modern philology, reshaping the mechanisms of preservation, transmission, and textual analysis. This article aims to critically examine the transformation of Qur’anic philology from the traditional scriptoriumlong regarded as an authoritative space for manuscript copying and the verification of textual variants towards a technologically mediated ecosystem of open-access digital archives. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, this study reviews historical literature, evaluates major Qur’anic manuscript digitalization projects, and analyzes the use of databases and computational tools in textual criticism. The findings reveal that digitalization not only broadens access to manuscript preservation but also triggers an epistemological shift in philological practice, particularly in relation to textual authority, verification of variant readings, and models of scholarly collaboration. Furthermore, the study identifies the necessity of rearticulating classical philological principles into digital frameworks to preserve Isnād integrity and support rigorous Tahqīq practices. The primary contribution of this article is the formulation of a conceptual framework for Qur’anic digital philology that bridges the values of the classical scriptorium with the affordances of digital technology, providing a theoretical and methodological foundation for Qur’anic manuscript studies in the technological era.

References

Al-Barhamtoshy, H., Jambi, K., Ahmed, H., Mohamed, S., Rashwan, M., & Abdou, S. (2019). An OCR System for Arabic Calligraphy Documents. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 8(1.11), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i1.11.28083

Alfathon, A. M. (2025). Writing the Pesantren Library: A Conceptual and Framework Proposition. Open Information Science, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2025-0022

Alghyaline, S. (2023). Arabic Optical Character Recognition: A Review. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 135(3), 1825–1861. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2022.024555

Alshddi, F. A. (2023). Sharia policy” in online libraries (on the internet): a critical analytical study. Inf. Sci. Lett, 12(4), 1031–1046.

Ardiansyah, A., Sahrani, S., & Izzati, D. (2024). Arabic Interference in Manuscript of Hadza Kitab Mujarrobat: A Study of Arabic Philology and Sociolinguistics. Arabiyatuna: Jurnal Bahasa Arab, 8(1), 347. https://doi.org/10.29240/jba.v8i1.9496

Bashir, M. H., Azmi, A. M., Nawaz, H., Zaghouani, W., Diab, M., Al-Fuqaha, A., & Qadir, J. (2023). Arabic natural language processing for Qur’anic research: a systematic review. Artificial Intelligence Review, 56(7), 6801–6854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10313-2

Casewit, Y. (2020). Shushtarī’s Treatise on the Limits of Theology and Sufism: Discursive Knowledge (ʿilm), Direct Recognition (maʿrifa), and Mystical Realization (taḥqīq) in al-Risāla al-Quṣāriyya. Religions, 11(5), 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11050226

Del Grosso, A. M., & Nahli, O. (2022). Structuring Arabic lexical and morphological resources using TEI: theory and practice. International Journal of Information Science and Technology, 5(3), 3–14.

Fathurahman, O. (2022). Filologi Indonesia: Teori dan Metode Edisi Revisi. Prenada Media.

Feriati, B., Nopita, R., Riadi, H., Harmaini, H., Sulwana, S., & Uri, F. (2025). The Integration of Science and Technology in Islamic Fiqh: A Contemporary Perspective. Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER), 6(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijoer.v6i1.1407

Fitriya, S. N. (2025). Standarisasi Mushaf dalam Rasm Utsmani: Perspektif Sejarah Kodifikasi dan Kebijakan Modern. Journal of Islamic Education, 7(1), 308–315.

Ghiurău, D., & Popescu, D. E. (2024). Distinguishing Reality from AI: Approaches for Detecting Synthetic Content. Computers, 14(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14010001

Hafeez, A. (2025). ENGLISH-Introductory Analysis of the book “Corpus Coranicum: Taʿāruf wa Tajzīyah”. Tanazur, 6(3), 50–70.

Henkel, M., Barth, J., Gremm, J., & Stock, W. G. (2018). Qatar National Library as part of a countrywide knowledge infrastructure. LIS2018. International Conference on Library and Information Science. Bangkok, Thailand, 163–190.

Hidayah, F. F., & Humam, A. W. K. (2021). MANUSKRIP AL-MUKARRAR FĪ MĀ TAWĀTARA MIN QIRĀĀTI AL-SAB’I WA TAḤRIR. AL ITQAN: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an, 7(2), 303–330. https://doi.org/10.47454/itqan.v7i2.762

Ibraheem, A. K. (2018). The untranslatability of the Holy Qur’an. Annals of the Faculty of Arts, 46.

Jackson, C. (2019). The Illuminations of Mukhlis ibn ʿAbdallah al-Hindi: Identifying Manuscripts from Late Medieval Konya. Muqarnas Online, 36(1), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.1163/22118993-00361P03

Jackson, J. C., Watts, J., List, J.-M., Puryear, C., Drabble, R., & Lindquist, K. A. (2022). From Text to Thought: How Analyzing Language Can Advance Psychological Science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(3), 805–826. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916211004899

Jauhari, M. A. (2025). The Development of the Interpretation of the Qur’an Pattern Lughāwi and its Implications in Islamic Education. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme, 7(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v7i2.7528

Kaplony, A. (2018). Comparing Qurʾānic Suras with Pre-800 Documents. Der Islam, 95(2), 312–366. https://doi.org/10.1515/islam-2018-0026

Karimov, N., Djurayeva, Y., Davidova, S., Djurayeva, Y., Usmonov, A., Madiyeva, A., Boliyeva, R., Qushnazarova, U., & Khasanova, S. (2025). The Impact of Islamic Libraries on the Compilation and Dissemination of Hadith. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 15(1), 183–187. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2025.IJISS.15.1.23

Kloth, N., Martin, K., & Pardey, E. (2025). Es werde niedergelegt als Schriftstück. Festschrift für Hartwig Altenmüller (Vol. 9). Helmut Buske Verlag.

Kraus, S., Jones, P., Kailer, N., Weinmann, A., Chaparro-Banegas, N., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2021). Digital Transformation: An Overview of the Current State of the Art of Research. Sage Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211047576

Kuswandi, D., Rohman, A., & Muttaqien, G. A. (2024). The Quran Manuscripts in Indonesia: A Historical Review. Suhuf: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 36(2).

Laugu, N. (2005). Muslim Libraries in History. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 43(1), 57–97.

Lawson, T. (2008). Duality, Opposition and Typology in the Qur’an: The Apocalyptic Substrate. Journal of Qur’anic Studies, 10(2), 23–49. https://doi.org/10.3366/E1465359109000400

Lutfi, M., & Suhermanto Ja’far. (2023). ISLAM, CYBERSPACE AND POST-TRUTH: EPISTEMOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE DIGITAL AGE. Al-A’raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Filsafat, 20(2), 261–286. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v20i2.7937

Lutfullayeva, D., Jabbarov, U., Rashidova, M., Saidov, J., Kan, V., Matkarimov, N., & Matkarimov, I. (2025). Textual, Linguistic, and Historical Examination of Rare Manuscripts. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services, 15(2), 236–244. https://doi.org/10.51983/ijiss-2025.IJISS.15.2.31

Masood, S., & Nousheen, S. (2025). Lexical Patterns and Their Semantic Implications in Surah-Al-Hujrat: A Corpus-Based Approach. Journal of Asian Development Studies, 14(1), 508–518.

Mennecke, B. E., & Crossland, M. D. (1996). Geographic information systems: applications and research opportunities for information systems researchers. Proceedings of HICSS-29: 29th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 537–546 vol.3. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.1996.493249

Mirza, S. (2025). From Harar to Diu: Circulation and Reception of a Qur’anic Manuscript across the Indian Ocean. Journal 18, 19.

Mohammed Alashari, D., Hamzah, A. R., & Marni, N. (2020). The Journey of Islamic Art Through Traditional and Contemporary Calligraphy Painting. UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, 7(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2020.7n3.408

Munir, M. (2024). Pendekatan Filologi Dalam Studi Islam; Analisis Teoritis dan Metodologis. Tawshiyah: Jurnal Sosial Keagaman Dan Pendidikan Islam, 19(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.32923/taw.v19i1.4694

Muthusundari, M., Velpoorani, A., Venkata Kusuma, S., L, T., & Rohini, O. k. (2024). Optical character recognition system using artificial intelligence. LatIA, 2, 98. https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202498

Pacheco, A., Da Silva, C. G., & De Freitas, M. C. V. (2023). A metadata model for authenticity in digital archival descriptions. Archival Science, 23(4), 629–673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-023-09422-w

Pandanwangi, A., Himatul Alya, S., Budiman, I., Mochtar Apin, A., & Eka Darmayanti, T. (2023). Art illuminations in 18 th – 19 th centuries manuscripts from Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Palace as a creative industry development. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2023.2277070

Raya, M. K. F. (2025). Digital Islam: New space for authority and religious commodification among Islamic preachers in contemporary Indonesia. Contemporary Islam, 19(1), 161–194.

Renima, A., Tiliouine, H., & Estes, R. J. (2016). The Islamic Golden Age: A Story of the Triumph of the Islamic Civilization. In The State of Social Progress of Islamic Societies (pp. 25–52). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24774-8_2

Reynolds, G. S. (2007). Introduction: Qur’anic studies and its controversies. In The Qur’an in its Historical Context (pp. 17–42). Routledge.

Sadeghi, B., & Bergmann, U. (2010). The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qurān of the Prophet. Arabica, 57(4), 343–436. https://doi.org/10.1163/157005810X504518

Saniro, R. K. K., & Adrianis, A. (2023). ‘Sawer Panganten’ Text in Sekejengkol Village, Cileunyi, Bandung Regency as a Cultural Asset: A codicological study. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 8(SI16), 211–217. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v8iSI16.5243

Şenel, S. (2025). Science Expanding Amid Political Challenges: Translation Activities During the al-Mutawakkil ‘Alā’llāh Period (232–247 H/847–861 CE). Religions, 16(4), 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16040430

Stefanidis, E. (2016). Islamic Cultures, Islamic Contexts: Essays in Honor of Professor Patricia Crone By Behnam Sadeghi, Asad Q. Ahmed, Adam Silverstein, and Robert Hoyland, eds.(Leiden: Brill, 2015. 631 pages.). American Journal of Islam and Society, 33(3), 110–115.

Stones, A. (2014). Scriptorium: the term and its history. Perspective, 1, 113–120. https://doi.org/10.4000/perspective.4401

Tlili, V. (2021). Usūl al-qirā´ āt: A Brief Overview of the Science of Qur´ ān Recitations and Its Formation from the Position of Traditional Qirā´ āt Literature. http://hdl.handle.net/11025/46465

Umam, K. (2025). Jami al-Kutub al-Tis’ ah Application: Solution to Resolving Takhrij al-Hadith and Implications for Hadith Students. Proceeding International Conference on Religion, Science and Education, 4, 207–214.

van Lit, L. W. C. (2019). The Digital Materiality of Digitized Manuscripts. In Among Digitized Manuscripts. Philology, Codicology, Paleography in a Digital World (pp. 51–72). BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004400351_004

Witkam, J. J. (2021). The ‘Author’s Hand’Examined. Journal of Islamic Manuscripts, 12(2), 215–224.

Yani, J. S. T. A. (2024). History of the Bait Al-Hikmah Library During the Golden Age of Bani Abbasiyah. Jurnal El-Pustaka, 5(2), 146–161.

From Scriptorium to Digital Archive: The Transformation of Qur’anic Philology in the Technological Era